Also, what worries me the most, is how easy (or hard) is it to get around and communicate knowing no Japanese. I know a lot of Japanese speak english, but don't really like foreigners that much. I am trying to learn a little Japanese just in case though.
In Tokyo, it is surprisingly simple to navigate around without a whole lot of knowledge of Japanese. Almost all of Tokyo is plastered with bilingual signs so street and rail navigation is relatively simple. If you are planning on stepping outside of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, or Fukuoka I would guestimate you should have at least functional knowledge of katakana and hiragana.
The only trouble with not knowing Japanese in Tokyo is that eating at traditional Japanese restaurants can be a pain... on the other hand, many people don't care because they are food wusses who won't even try any of the local dishes. There are restaurants like Outback and TGIFridays near Shinagawa and Shibuya, Red Lobster and Sizzler near Odaiba, and you can't walk a few yards in Japan without bumping into a McDonalds or KFC.
When in Akihabara, pick up or point to the item you want and ask "Kore wa ikura desu ka?" and you should be able to find out the price of the item (hopefully the employee shows you the price)... most of the time... the prices will be clearly posted.
Lastly, barring the price of airline tickets and hotel, how much should I expect to spend on food, transportation, and anything else important I am forgetting.
All input will be greatly appreciated.
If you eat fast food, you could probably get away with between 400-700 yen per meal (which in terms of US$ is about a dollar or so more than you would pay in the US, but not too horrible). If you head to a family restaurant (Dennys, Johnathans, TGIF, Sizzler) expect to pay between 2000-3500 yen per meal. If you have a nearby convient store (7-11, Circle K, Mini Stop) you might be able to survive on an even cheaper food expenses.
If you are going to Japan in the summer, set aside some money for beverages. It is rather hot and you will be sweating, even though it may be cumbersome, you might want to buy a 1.5 liter bottle of water to drink while you are walking around. Drinking fountains aren't as prolific as you might imagine.
Transportation... check with your travel agent about getting a Rail discount. One of the more popular is the Japan Rail Pass with costs approximately 350-700 US dollars and allows its bearer unlimited rides on JR owned regular and bullet train lines. If you are planning a trip to places other than Tokyo, this would be ideal. Otherwise, see if they offer any discounted JR-based unlimited ride passes for Tokyo.
A one-way train or subway ride can cost as little as 120 yen or more depending on where your destination happens to be. If there are any local railpass options,
get them.