Tangent: I swear, I'm gonna break this Android tablet of mine in half one day to force myself to buy a new one... I lost my previous post to this thread using the default browser it came with... It may be faster than Chrome, but sometimes it just closes out or redirects without warning or reason... The terrible speed and responsiveness just to type something up is beyond frustrating no matter what you're using... I WANT TO BREAK IT, I DO!!!!!! /rant
OK, nechead, pump the brakes on your eagerness to replace the regulators... If you didn't see 9-12 VDC on either leg of any of the regulators, and 5 VDC on the opposite leg, you've not established them as being the problem just yet...
From what I read, you verified that the 3 Amp fuse was blown, OK, that's a start. Something happened, a short, a surge, etc. that led to that and now possibly something is permanently damaged or it could be as simple as an open/cut trace line.
Do you still see 9-12 VDC anywhere on the motherboard ? The black thing you mentioned is a diode, do you see 9-12 VDC before it or the fuse, etc. ? You do say you have power after the choke I guess (the board you plug the wire in), and that means you don't have a short, because that would cause a voltage drop and possibly burn the fuse in your power supply.
Since you see 9-12 VDC on the motherboard somewhere, that kind of rules out a short, as I said, so I'm leaning towards an open/burned trace line or some component the power passes through having given up... You're seeing 0 VDC at the regulators, so stop suspecting them just yet...
Just work your way forward from the power input, and follow the flow of power to where it stops...
Pro Tip: If you manage to fix this, switch to a 1 to 1.5 Amp glass fuse. 3 Amps is WAY too much and risks permanent component damage to IC chips, memory, etc. I damaged one of the SRAM chips in my SNES because I ran out of 1.5 Amp fuses and kept burning them out, then used a 3 Amp one I had available, which burned out again, but this time I got graphics corrupting in certain games because of the damage!
I think Hudson made a mistake with using such a high-rated fuse for something that runs on 850 mA to 1000 mA... I made the recommendation to Desh for 1 Amp also, and that if it burns out again during the normal course of play to switch to 1.5 Amps which should be perfect. The SNES by default has a 1.5 Amp pico fuse soldered in place, so after it burns out you need to mod the area with 2 clips for switching to glass type fuses for easier replacement.