Hey Nat,
thanks for the advice!
I wasn't clear enough in my original post, I guess...a more accurate description of the problem is this:
When I press Run, the "PC" appears on the CD-ROM unit, but the leadscrew/laser motor never turns on to seek home. It just sits there saying "PC".
When I try to use the CD-ROM as an audio CD player, the display reads "0" and no motor noises can be heard.
But I have made some progress!
I wanted to reassemble my CD-ROM unit to make sure I could get it back together again with no parts leftover (an underappreciated skill!), and just in case my tinkering fixed the problem.
I took my 9V battery and tried the CD motor...it spun freely. But then I tried the laser motor again:
it worked, but intermittently. I removed it from the assembly and applied power again. It worked well enough on its own, but when I put it back in, it would bind and couldn't turn the various gears to move the laser!
Upon closer visual inspection, I noticed two broken teeth on one of the gears!
I manually rotated said gear past the broken teeth and reapplied 9v to the motor. This time, the motor spun until I reached the broken spot on the gear again. And once again, it bound up!
From here I decided to keep turning the gears manually, and I actually ended up stripping ALL THE TEETH off that one offending gear. Arrgh!!
Still, without a real interim strategy, I put everything back together the way it was. The only difference was the toothless drive gear.
So, after I reassembly, I put in an audio CD to test the device. This time, when I pressed "Play", the display still read "0", but I could actually hear the laser motor spinning freely away, with nothing to mesh with.
My assumption is this (and anyone with knowledgeable input is welcome to advise):
The reason my CD-ROM was unresponsive in the first place was because the laser motor was stuck on the stripped gear.
I further assume that the CD-ROM's programming has somekind of instruction set where it basically says: "Step 1: Laser Home; Step 2: Spin CD motor to 300RPM..." etc. And without being able to move the laser, the CD motor can't spin, and the game can never load.
I'm going to start looking for a replacement laser/leadscrew/motor assembly, because I don't see any way to replace that one gear. But I will update if I find anything useful.