Well,I'm not sure what type the residue is that your speaking of,is it the flux your talking about? That will be fine,just messy looking. If you wash the pcb to remove it or anything else gunk or mess wise,the chips and caps,ect. stay on the pcb.The cd-drive and wires do not.
Chips and pcbs typically get washed in process via certain methods in some facilities anyway to make sure they are clean before assembly. Water wont hurt the caps,they are plugged to prevent leaking,the same applies during washing,the caps wont allow water in if they are reliable caps. Washing pcbs is a method as old as time used in electronics repair shops that do their job well. It helps locate broken traces on dusty or dirty pcbs or helps find cold joints or corrosion from acid,ect....