CD - requires (generally) System Card 2.1 if using a CD interface unit
SuperCD - requires System Card 3.0 if using a CD interface unit
ArcadeCD - requires an Arcade Card Duo or Arcade Card Pro (with CD interface)
note that ANY Duo, DuoR, or DuoRX has the System 2/3 functionality built in and can play any CD or SCD. But you will need an Arcade Card Duo to play the Arcade CDs.
Spine cards are really just another little item that causes collectors' heads to explode
Oh, and to answer your other question about different "formats" for HuCards, really there are only two types:
1. Standard flat credit card style
2. Extra memory type cards that are fatter on the thumb end, like the Tennokoe Bank, System Card 3.0, and Street Fighter II CE. Populous as well