Japanese sometimes refer to their own country as a "civil servant paradise". People in the public sector make, on average, more than twice as much as people in the private sector. Although like the debt, this isn't a unique problem, it is a relatively deep one for Japan and is probably another thing in need of reform.
The medical system in Japan basically works, if you ask me. It's not perfect, but people pay insurance based on their salary and no other conditions, and with that insurance, treatment tends to cost about 10% of what it does in the US. It's a model that the US should think about adapting.
And as for the US, I think cutting the defense budget clean in half (where it will still be larger than any other nation's) might be a reasonable compromise and do a lot of good.
For a guy like me, living in Japan is mostly very easy. It's safe, you can get whatever you want, and being a white male here admittedly has a number of perks. Once you learn the language, learn to read social cues, and figure out how to stay on people's good sides, you can get along well enough. The catch is that, in my case at least, I refuse to become Japanese. People always say that you can't do that anyway, but these days, you can go 99% of the way if it works for you. For me, it doesn't. I'll always be an outsider, and deliberately a very distant one. While in one sense the contrast is very stimulating, it's nevertheless a tough way to live. I love my friends, and I still feel like I'm having an adventure, but if times get tight, I'm out of here.
The single biggest thing I struggle with is whether I could be happy getting married and having a family here. It's the most feasible place to do it right now, but it would mean that my own kids would take on a lot of the values that I find unacceptable.