I can see why people would think this happens, since by definition anything with moving parts is going to eventually wear out, and in this case anything that makes a disk drive read media in a way it wasn't intended to is going to wear it out "faster" than normal.
Fortunately, nat is correct, and the "damage" this can cause on something like NEC's family of systems is not being an issue.* The "makes the laser work harder" line of thought doesn't make sense for the NEC hardware because it's a CD-ROM drive to begin with. It's not like running a CD-ROM (blue disk) game on a fat PS2 where a laser designed to quickly stream and load information off of DVDs has to read much more slowly to stream off the CD-ROM media. The "working harder" issue with the PS2 is because it has to read at a SLOWER speed than intended for the blue disk games, most people automatically think "working harder" means working faster.
There's a reason we have 3DOs and Duos and SegaCDs and such from over a decade ago that work like a dream now while some of us same people are also on our third or fourth PS2/XBox/360/etc. The system's that have the 1 or 2x CD-ROM drives in them by default can't exactly read any slower, whereas playing Virtua Fighter 4 on your PS2 or Eternal Darkness on your GC can actually result in dire consequences in some rare cases.
The zero position issue...honestly I haven't made or played a backup of any of these games for some time, doesn't this have more to do with the track layout and what the data the Turbo CD knows to look for first? It's seems like something that shouldn't be a problem as more and more understanding of the systems's bios is achieved. That said if your CD is opaque, don't even bother, in any system.
Either way it's definitely an issue exacerbated by people who think they're god because they sold their children to slavers to get their mitts on Darius Alpha.
*With disk media there's always going to be the odd case where a particular item just will not load right, or just plain won't work on some systems and so on.